Terminology

	BRUNEL UNIVERSITY JITSU CLUB

Terminology

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A
ASHI	Leg, foot.
ASHIWAZA	Leg/foot technique.
ATAMA	Head.
ATE	Strike, hit.
ATEMIWAZA	Hitting or punching technique.
AYUMI ASHI	A manner of walking in which each foot leads the other successively.
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B
BOKKEN	Wooden practice sword about 40 inches in length.
BUDO	Military arts/concepts.
BUJITSU	Martial arts (all inclusive)
BUSHI	A knight of feudal Japan (a social class).
BUSHIDO	The moral ethical code of the Bushi, formulated originally c.14th century.
BUTSUKARI	See UCHIKOMI.
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C
CHITSAI	Small.
CHIKARA	Strength.
CHUI	A caution (penalty equivalent to 5 points).
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D
DAN	'Leader', grade, generally Black Belt.
DE	(v.DERU) - To come out, to advance. (e.g. de ashi harai).
DO	(a) Way, path, etc. This word was used frequently in Chinese and Japanese philosophy in the sense of the way of doing an act in the moral and ethical spheres well as the simple physical. Professor Kano 'borrowed' it from these sources. (b) Trunk of the body.
DOJO	Hall or room in which judo is practised.
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E
ERI	Collar, of a jacket.
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F
FUSEGIKATA	Method, form, of defending.
FUSEGU	To defend.
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G
GAKE-(v. KAKERU)	To hang, hook, block.
GARAMI-(v. GARAMU)	To entangle, wrap, bend.
GARI	Reap (e.g o soto gari = major outer reap).
GEDAN	Lower level - used for arm locks and kicks/punches
GENKI	Energetic, lively, active.
GONOKATA	Forms of strength.
GOSHINJITSU	The art of self-protection (in all its forms).
GYAKU	Reserve, upside down.
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H
HA	Wing.
HADAKA	Naked.
HAIRIKATA	The way of entering for a (technique).
HAJIME	Start, referee's call to commence a contest.
HANE	Spring (e.g hane goshi = spring hip).
HANSOKU	Disqualification (penalty ; equivalent to ten points).
HANTAI	To oppose.
HANTEI	Judgement, the referee's call at the end of a drawn contest calling on the corner judges to indicate who in their opinion was the better of the two contestants.
HARA	Stomach.
HARAI (BARAI) (v. HARU)	Sweep.
HIDARI	Left.
HIJI/EMPI	Elbow.
HIKI-(v. HIKU)	Pull.
HISHIGE-(v. HISHIGU)	To crush, squash, smash.
HIZA	Knee.
HON	(a) Point (see Ippon); ultimate score awarded in a contest. (b) Basic. (c) Number suffix for counting long cylindrical objects, therefore Ippon seoi nage = one arm shoulder throw.
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I
ICHI	One (when counting).
IPPON	One point (score value of ten points).
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J
JI	A Japanese ideograph.
JIGOTAI	Defensive posture.
JIKAN	Time out (the referee's instruction to the timekeeper when a break or pause in the contest is necessary).
JITSU (JIUTSU or JUTSU)	Art.
JODAN	High level or Upper - used for arm locks and kicks/punches.
JOSEKI	The place in a dojo or hall where the seniors of VIP's sit.
JU	(a) Soft, gentle. This word is a word taken from Taoist philosophy and embodies the opposite of hard, extreme, unreasonable. Hence the use of ju in Judo does not imply soft (as a synonym of easy), but rather reasonable, efficient. Physical action in judo is not meant to be easy (weak) so much as economic, by using the body to its best advantage and taking active advantage of any and all weaknesses the opponent may offer, so that maximum effect can be attained with maximum efficiency. (b) Ten.
JUNOKATA	The forms of 'gentleness'. Showing the principles of 'giving way'.
JUSHIN	Centre of gravity.
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K
KAESHI (GAESHI)	To counter (e.g o soto gaeshi = major outer-counter).
KAESHIWAZA	Counter techniques.
KAKE	The point of the throw, the point of maximum power.
KAI (KWAI)	Society, club.
KAKU (GAKU)	An angle.
KAMI	(a) Upper, top. (b) Paper. (c) God(s).
KAMIZA	'Upper seat'; the instructor's side of the DOJO.
KANSETSU	A joint, articulation.
KANSETSUWAZA	Technique of locking limb joints.
KAO	Face.
KARATE	(Literally empty handed) a system of fighting without weapons, striking with the hand, feet, elbows, etc.
KARATEDO	The 'way' of karate.
KARUI	Light.
KATA	(a) Form. A stylized set of techniques used to develop the performer's posture, balance and appreciation of the various judo techniques. (b) One side. (c) Shoulder (e.g. kata guruma = shoulder wheel).
KATANA	Samurai sword.
KATAI	Hard.
KATAME (GATAME) (v. KATEMERU)	To harden, tighten , hold (e.g. kata gatame = shoulder hold.
KATSU (or KAPPO)	Methods of resuscitation.
KEIKO	Practise.
KEIKOKU	Warning (penalty; equivalent to 7 points).
KEMPO	A method of fighting, similar to boxing.
KEN	Sword.
KENDO	The 'way' of the sword (japanese two handed fencing).
KENDOGU	General equipment for practising kendo.
KERU	To kick.
KESA	A Buddhist monk's surplice, worn diagonally across the body. Thus there is the technique known as kesagatame but which in free translation into English is referred to as scarf hold.
KI	Psychic energy said to be centred in the SAIKATANDEN.
KIAI	A shout used to harden the body and strengthen the will when maximum effort is required.
KIME (v. KAKERU)	To decide.
KIMENOKATA	Forms of decision, which is the kata of self-protection.
KIRI (v. KIRU)	Cut, as with a knife.
KO	(a) small, minor (e.g. ko uchi gari = minor inner reap). (b) Old ancient. (c) Lecture, study, think.
KODOKAN	The headquarters of judo in Japan (Tokyo).
KOKA	A score, almost a yuko (value of score; 3 points).
KOSHI (GOSHI)	Hips, (e.g. koshi waza = hip techniques).
KOSHIKINOKATA	The forms of the old style. All techniques are supposed to be performed in armour.
KUBI	Neck.
KUMIKATA	Method of holding the judogi.
KURUMA (GURUMA)	(a) Wheel (e.g. o guruma = major wheel). (b) Vehicle.
KUZURE (v. KUZURERU)	To crumble, collapse, break-down. Thus a free translation of kuzurekesagatame would be broken scarfhold.
KUZUSHI	The balance broken.
KYU	A 'student' grade.
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L
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M
MA	Exact, just, absolutely.
MACHI-DOJO	Back-street gymnasium.
MAE	Front.
MAKIKOMI	To wrap or roll up, to throw by rolling oneself so that the opponent is whipped off his feet.
MANAKA	Centre.
MASUTEMIWAZA	Technique whereby the performer (tori) falls straight on to his back.
MATA	The inside top of the thigh.
MATTA	Wait, break.
MAWARI (v. MAWARU)	To turn round.
MEIJIN	Expert, master.
MI	Body (human).
MIGI	Right (as opposed to left).
MIZU	Water.
MOMO	Thigh.
MON	Gate, junior grade.
MOROTE	Both hands, two hands (e.g. morote seoi nage = both hands shoulder throw).
MUNE	Chest.
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N
NAGE (v. NAGERU)	To throw (e.g. nage waza = throwing techniques).
NAGENOKATA	The forms of throwing. 15 selected throws executed both left and right to train the participants in body control and appreciation of judo technique.
NAME	Wave (of water).
NAMI (v. NARUBERU)	To place in a line, range in a row.
NEREI	Kneeling bow.
NEWAZA	Technique done in a lying down position.
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O
O	Big, Large, Major (e.g. o uchi gari = major inner reap).
OBI	Belt.
OKII	Big.
OKURI (v. OKURU)	To send forward (e.g. okuri eri jime = sliding lapel neck-lock).
OSAEKOMI	Holding (e.g. osaekomi waza = holding technique(s)). Referee's call signalling to the timekeeper that a hold is effective.
OSHI (v. OSU)	To push.
OTOSHI (v. OTOSU)	To drop (e.g. tai otoshi = body drop).
OWARI	The end.
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P
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Q
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R
RANDORI	Free practice.
REI	Bow.
RENRAKU	Connection, contact.
RENRAKUWAZA	Combination technique.
RENSHU	To practise.
RENZOKUWAZA	Comprehensive name for throws linked up in anyway.
RITSUREI	Standing bow.
RONIN	An unretained Samurai warrior.
RYOTE	Two hands.
RYU	School. Attached to most of the names of the old jiujitsu systems (e.g. Kito Ryu).
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S
SAIKATANDEN	The lower abdomen.
SAMURAI	A knight of feudal Japan (a social class). (see Bushi).
SASAI	To support, prop (e.g. sasai tsuri komi ashi = propping drawing ankle).
SEI RYOKU SENYO	The principle of maximum efficiency in the use of mind and body.
SENAKA	The back (of a body).
SENSEI	Teacher, senior.
SENSHU	A competitor, champion.
SEOI (v. SEOU)	To carry on the back (e.g. seoi nage).
SEPPUKU	The Bushi method of committing suicide. Normally erroneously called 'harakiri'.
SHIAI	Contest.
SHIAIJO	Contest area.
SHIDO	Note (penalty; equivalent to 3 points).
SHIHAN	Master, past-master, founder.
SHIHO	Four quarters, four directions.
SHIKI	Style, ceremony.
SHIME (JIME) (v. SHIMERU)	To tighten, strangle.
SHIMEWAZA	Technique of neck-locking.
SHIMOZA	'Lower seat'; the ordinary members' side of the DOJO.
SHISEI	Posture.
SHITA	Below, underneath.
SHIZEN	Nature.
SHIZENTAI	Natural (upright) posture.
SODE	Sleeve.
SONOMAMA	Freeze, do not move.
SORE MADE	Referee's command: that is all finish.
SOTO	Outside, outer (e.g. o soto gari = major outer reap).
SUKUI (v.SUKUKU)	To scoop up.
SUMI	Corner.
SUTEMI (v.SUTERU)	To throw away.
SUTEMIWAZA	Technique whereby the attacker throws away his own body, sacrifices his own posture.
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T
TACHI (v. TATSU)	To stand.
TACHIWAZA	Technique done in the standing position.
TAI	Body.
TAI SABAKI	Body movement.
TAISO	Physical exercise.
TANI	Valley (e.g. tani otoshi = valley drop).
TANTO	Knife.
TATAMI	Rice straw mats used in dojos and japanese houses.
TATE	Vertical.
TE	Hand (e.g. te waza = hand techniques).
TEKUBI	Wrist.
TOKETA	Hold broken, A command given by a referee to indicate to the timekeeper, the contestants and the onlookers generally that a contestant has effectively broken the hold by which he was being secured.
TOKUI	Favourite, special (e.g. tokui waza = favourite technique).
TOMOE	Turning over, twisting over, whirling over. It is difficult to find the exact translation in English but tomoenage freely translated is commonly known in English as - stomach throw.
TORI (v.TORU)	(a) The name used often in technical explanation for the person who throws. (b) To grasp, to hold in the hands.
TSUGI ASHI	A manner of walking in which one foot leads at each step and the other never passes it.
TSUKURI	The action of breaking the opponent's balance.
TSURI	To 'fish up' (e.g. tsuri komi = to 'fish', lift up and pull forward).
TSUYOI	Strong.
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U
UCHIKOMI (v.UTSU)	To beat against. A repetitive exercise where the throwing technique is taken to point of kake.
UDE	Arm.
UE	Above, on top of.
UKE (v. UKERU)	To take. The name used often in technical explanations for the person who is thrown.
UKEMI	The 'breakfall'.
UKI (v. UKU)	To float. Buoyant.
URA	Back, rear, reverse.
USHIRO	Behind, back of (e.g. ushiro goshi = back of hip).
UTSURI (v. UTSURU)	To change, move (e.g. utsuri goshi = changing hip).
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V

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W
WAKARE (v. WAKARU)	To divide, separate (e.g. yoko wakare = side separation).
WAZA	Technique.
WAZA-ARI	A score, almost an ippon (score value of 7 points).
WARA-ARI AWASETE IPPON	Ippon achieved by having scored two WAZA-ARIs.
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X

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Y
YAMA	Mountain.
YOKO	Side (e.g. yoko sutemi waza - a sacrifice throw with the attacker falling onto his side in order to execute the technique).
YOSHI	Carry on. A referee's instruction to contestant to carry on with the contest.
YOWAI	Weak.
YUBI	Finger or toe.
YUKO	A score, almost WAZA-ARI (score value of 5 points).
YUSEIGACHI	A win by superiority.
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Z
ZAZEN	Sitting meditation.
ZORI	Toe grip straw sandals.
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